A frican Imperialism
Scramble for Africa
In the 1870s the _________________ began to trade with Africans in the Congo.
Fearing they would miss out on various ________________________, the other European nations _____________ to establish their presence on the continent.
Berlin Conference
In 1884, to avoid ______________ amongst themselves, European leaders met at the Berlin Conference to set up rules for _______________________ Africa. No ___________________ were invited.
T he European powers agreed that before they could claim territory they would have to set up an _______________. Whoever was the ____________ to build the outpost gained that area of land.
Southern Africa
The Boers
In the mid-1600s, Dutch farmers known as ____________ settled in southern Africa in Cape Colony. The Boers built __________________________ as a supply station.
In the 1700s, the Dutch herders and ivory hunters began to move ___________. The _________________ then acquired Cape Colony in the early 1800s.
The Anglo-Boer War
I n the late 1800s, the discovery of ____________ and ____________________ in the northern Boer territory set off the Anglo-Boer war.
The war was from 1899-1902 and involved bitter ___________ fighting. The ______________ won, but at a great cost.
The Zulus
In the early 1800s in southern Africa, an African leader named _____________ conquered and united tribes to form the ____________ nation.
T he Zulus were skilled and organized _________________. Shaka used his power and fought against European ______ traders and ivory hunters.
The Zulus also fought the _____________ as they migrated _______________ from Cape Colony.
The Anglo-Zulu War
The Zulus came into conflict with the ________________ as well. In 1879 the Zulus wiped out a British force at the battle of ________________________.
However, it was not long before the superior ___________ of the British overtook the Zulus at the battle of ____________.
I n 1910, with southern Africa secure, the British established the Republic of South Africa and instituted ___________________.
Apartheid – government policy calling for separation of the races.
Britain’s claims in Africa were _______________ in size only to France, but included heavily populated areas with greater natural __________________.
Britain controlled ______________ because of its strategic location.
France was very powerful in _____________ Africa, and later spread into West and Central Africa. The territory France controlled was as large as the United States.
The newly formed __________________ empire had to fight many battles against African natives to take lands in the southern half of Africa.
Germany would ___________ its colonial territories after its loss in World War I.
The Italians crossed the Mediterranean and conquered __________. They then took Somaliland in the horn of Africa, but were beaten badly by the _________.
King Leopold and other wealthy Belgians exploited the riches of the _________, and brutalized the natives. Many Africans were enslaved, beaten, and killed.
Although the leaders of the old imperialism, the African claims of the _________ and __________________ were minimal.
Liberia and Ethiopia
Independent Africans
After the slave trade was outlawed, __________________ in the United States promoted the idea of returning freed slaves to Africa.
I n the early 1800s, President Monroe helped free slaves settle in __________. The former slaves named the capital city ________________ in his honor.
The Ethiopians kept their freedom through a successful military resistance. Emperor Menelik II ________________________ the army, along with roads, bridges, and schools.
When the Italians invaded they were ____________________ so badly by Menelik that no other Europeans tried to take Ethiopia.
Effects of Imperialism
Positive Results
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Negative Results
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1. Unified national states created
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1. Encouraged tribal wars by creating artificial borders
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2. Improved medical care, sanitation, and nutrition
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2. Created population explosion famine
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3. Increased agricultural production
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3. Produced cash crops needed by Europeans, and not food for Africans
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4. Improved transportation and communication facilities
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4. Exploited natural resources: minerals, lumber, rubber, human rights
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5. Expanded education opportunities
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5. Downgraded traditional African culture westernization
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European Imperialism by 1914
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Britain
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France
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Germany
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Belgium
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Home Area (square miles)
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94,000
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212,600
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210,000
|
11,800
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Home Population (millions)
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45.5
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42
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67.5
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8.3
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Global Colonial Area (mil. sq. miles)
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13.1
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4.3
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1.1
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.94
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Global Colonial Population (millions)
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470
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65
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13
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13
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Region
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Percentage Colonized
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Australia
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100%
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Africa
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90.4%
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Asia
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56.5%
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Americas
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27.2%
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