Foundation Briefs Advanced Level February Brief Resolved
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Foundation Briefs Advanced Level February Brief 
Resolved: On balance, economic globalization benefits worldwide poverty reduction. Table of ContentsTable of Contents 2 Table of Contents 2 Definitions 3 Definitions 3 Definition AMS 3 Statistics Demonstrating Economic Globalization AMS 3 Topic Analysis One 5 Topic Analysis One 5 Topic Analysis Two 14 Topic Analysis Two 14 Pro Evidence 25 Pro Evidence 25 Success in the Reduction of Poverty 26 Extraordinary Success in Global Poverty Reduction AMS 26 Poverty Reduction in India, Columbia, Zambia, Mexico, and Ethiopia AMS 27 Poverty Reduction Millennium Goals Achieved AMS 27 Poverty Reduction Across all Regions AMS 28 Growth in Developing Countries Since Rise of Economic Globalization AMS 28 Even the poorest in society are better off, Fj 30 Reversing Globalization will not help, Fj 31 Globalization Reduces Inflation 32 Correlation between globalization increasing and inflation falling, Fj 32 Efficient Firms have Lower Prices, Fj 32 Increasing output decreases inflation, Fj 33 This also applies to emerging economies, Fj 33 Globalization changes the goals of central banks, Fj 34 Globalization has had a strong effect on reducing inflation, Fj 34 Domestic Prices Become Less Volatile, Fj 35 Globalization reduces inflation by reducing producer prices, Fj 35 Globalization reduces inflation by increasing labor productivity, Fj 35 Globalization has been especially important in reducing inflation in manufacturing, Fj 36 Further globalization will continue to decrease inflation, Fj 36 Globalization reduced inflation in the United Kingdom, Fj 36 Globalization reduced inflation in Europe, Fj 36 Globalization reduced inflation in the United States, Fj 37 Developing Countries Benefit from Global Economic Engagement 38 Poorer Countries Achieve Success through Global Economic Expansion AMS 38 Developing Countries that Participate in Global Market Succeed AMS 39 Global Trade Liberalization and the Developing Countries. PSM 40 The effect on Poverty with Agreement on Agricultural Global Trade. PSM 41 Poverty and Social Analysis of Trade Agreements. PSM 43 Case study: Mauritius and resource-scarce coastal Africa. DAT 44 Globalization Reduces Global Inequality Overall 45 Global Inequality Reduced AMS 45 Income inequality Growth is an Exaggeration AMS 45 No Overall Increase in Global Inequality AMS 46 Globalization increases equality of opportunity 48 The presence of multinational firms increases equality of opportunity. DAT 48 Trade liberalization gives small businesses a competitive advantage against large ones. DAT 50 Benefits of Economic Globalization for Developing Countries 51 Globalization Improves Access to Necessary Materials AMS 51 The correlation between economic growth and globalization. DAT 52 Trade Liberalization in China. PSM 53 Statistically linking trade with economic growth. DAT 54 Examples of How Nations Benefit from Economic Globalization 55 Nigeria is not a Victim of Economic Globalization AMS 55 Nigeria Would Benefit from Further Economic Globalization AMS 56 Economic Globalization and its Impact on Poverty: Case Study Pakistan. PSM 56 Trade Liberalization and Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Indian States. PSM 57 Trade Liberalization and Poverty in India. PSM 58 Trade Liberalization and Poverty Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa. PSM 59 Trade Liberalization and Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria. PSM 60 Trade Liberalization in Ghana. PSM 61 Trade Liberalization in Indian States. PSM 62 Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria with Trade Liberalization. PSM 63 Trade Liberalizing Financing in Ghana. PSM 64 Poverty Reduction in Least Developed Countries. PSM 65 Benefits of Free Trade 66 Key Benefits of Free Trade in Globalization AMS 66 Free Trade Fosters Economic Freedom AMS 67 Sub-Saharan Africa Would Benefit from Greater Economic Freedom AMS 68 Developing Countries Benefit from Freer Trade AMS 69 Potential for Free Trade in Reducing Poverty AMS 69 Trade between developing countries insulates their growth from global downturns. DAT 70 Developing Countries Integrate into Global Supply Chains AMS 71 Impact of Trade Liberalization on Food Security and Poverty. PSM 72 Trading Up: Impact of Trade Liberalization on Poverty. PSM 73 Trade Liberalization in Developing Countries. PSM 73 Trade Liberalization and Poverty: The Link. PSM 74 International Trade and Poverty Alleviation. PSM 75 Multilateral Trade Liberalization and Trade Reduction. PSM 76 Trade liberalization and Poverty Reduction. PSM 77 Trade Liberalization and the Poor. PSM 78 Market Opportunities with Trade Liberalization. PSM 79 Largest Gains from Trade Liberalization. PSM 80 Free Labor Laws Benefit Developing Countries 81 How Migration Benefits Developing Countries AMS 81 Key to Capitalizing on Migration Benefits AMS 82 Technology Globalization Helps Developing Countries 83 New Technology Lowers Entry Barriers AMS 83 Small Business Growth is Crucial for Developing Countries AMS 84 Opportunities of Biotechnology AMS 84 Growth Potential in Agriculture AMS 85 New Technology Allows Agriculture in Dryer Areas AMS 86 Linking Globalization to Modern Farm Technology AMS 86 New technology benefits skilled workers and local firms. DAT 87 The Impacts of Global Investment on Economic Growth 88 Linking economic growth to poverty reduction. DAT 88 Foreign direct investment has been a primary driver of economic growth. DAT 89 International investment as a means of job creation. DAT 90 Globalization Reduces War 92 Economic interdependence makes war an unattractive option, Fj 92 Polachek and Seiglie study, Fj 93 Economic connections are stronger than shared political ideologies, Fj 93 Globalization Reduces Civil War 94 Promoting Development, Fj 94 Reducing Income Inequality, Fj 94 Reducing State Control Over The Economy, Fj 95 Increasing Communication And Information Flows, Fj 95 Reducing Export of Primary Products, Fj 95 Increasing the Size of Security Forces, Fj 96 Generating Economic Benefits, Fj 96 Con Evidence 97 Con Evidence 97 Developed Countries Shape Trade Policy to their Own Advantage 98 Trade Policies are Dominated by Developed Countries AMS 98 Trade Liberalization and Evidence of Negative Effects on Poor. PSM 98 International investment in developing countries favors large multinationals over locals. DAT 99 International trade liberalization prescriptions cut safety nets in developing countries. DAT 101 Multinational companies often take advantage of poorer countries, Fj 103 Economic Globalization Increases Inequality 104 Mind the Gap: Economic Globalization Widens the Global Inequality Gap AMS 104 Trade Deficits for Developing Countries Grow AMS 104 The Critics Agree AMS 105 Wealth Generated by Economic Globalization Does Not Trickle Down AMS 106 Economic growth in developing nations grows inequality, too. DAT 106 Some stats on inequality, Fj 107 The impact of globalization on inequality. DAT 108 Linking Inequality and Hindrances to Poverty Reduction 109 Developing countries cannot leverage economic growth from globalization effectively. DAT 109 Trading Off the Poor. PSM 110 Trade Liberalization and Adversely Affects on Poverty. PSM 111 Liberalizing international finance cuts off fiscal choice for the poor. DAT 111 Economic Globalization Reduces Security 113 Financial Uncertainty for Developing Countries AMS 113 China is the chief thief of U.S. intellectual property FJ 114 Chinese dumping hurts American businesses FJ 115 China is clearly guilty of dumping FJ 117 Economically Unhealthy Dependence AMS 118 Developing Countries Hurt Deepest by Global Economic Crises AMS 119 Most developing countries are commodity-dependent, which fluctuate in the global market. DAT 119 Problems with Financial Globalization for Developing Countries: Instability AMS 121 Case study: Sub-Saharan Africa is economically vulnerable to international markets. DAT 121 Import reliance threw Sub-Saharan Africa into economic freefall. DAT 122 Developing economies are the most susceptible to trade shocks. DAT 123 Economic Globalization Hinders Other Necessary Means of Globalization 124 Globalization of Labor Standards, Environmental Protection, Etc. Neglected AMS 124 Key Resources Damaged AMS 125 Misguided Intervention AMS 126 One Size Fits All Approach Fails AMS 127 Environmental Problems with Economic Globalization AMS 128 Investment on a national level to leverage the global economy hurts the poor. DAT 129 Trade Liberalization is Not a Panacea for Poverty. PSM 130 False Premises of Trade Liberalization. PSM 131 Globalization has hindered education in Africa. DAT 132 Examples of Developing Countries Hurt by Economic Globalization 133 Failure to Reduce Poverty in Nigeria AMS 133 Devastating Effects of Trade Liberalization in Zambia and Ghana AMS 134 Trade Liberalization and Lagging Regions in Asia. PSM 134 Globalization created instability in Thailand and Indonesia, Fj 135 Chinese Economic Involvement in Africa Hurts African Countries 136 Toxic Relationship AMS 136 Trade with China Hurts African Business AMS 137 Chinese Hinder African Countries from Reaching Economic Potential AMS 137 Dutch Disease 139 Dutch Disease can appreciate the real exchange rate, Fj 139 Commodity rich countries that trade extensively are often doomed, Fj 140 Link between globalization and Dutch Disease, Fj 141 Oil 142 Oil Exporting Countries are vulnerable to Dutch Disease, Fj 144 Oil Exporting Countries are already experiencing Dutch Disease, Fj 144 Globalization Measures Hurt Developing Countries 145 Structural Adjustment Programs Hurt Developing Countries AMS 145 Developing countries are increasingly capable of dealing with poverty locally. DAT 145 Reliance on global trade is a vulnerability for developing countries. DAT 146 Developing countries cannot regain import tariff revenue. DAT 147 The influx of international money and power saps African nations’ governing ability. DAT 149 Globalization has fueled rampant migration in developing countries: Brazil case study. DAT 151 Export Oriented Agriculture Shift Creates Poverty 152 Export Oriented Agriculture Shift Hurts Developing Countries, Creates Poverty AMS 152 International investment has abandoned agriculture and, in turn, the rural poor. DAT 154 Case study: Ethiopia’s agricultural trade liberalization harmed export-oriented farmers. DAT 155 Problems with Debt Relief 156 Charity or Debt Relief Fails to Reduce Poverty AMS 156 Aid Backfires AMS 156 Outsourcing and Inequality in Developing Nations 157 When foreign multinationals hire local labor, the poor do not see benefits. DAT 157 Globalization has unpaired high and low-skilled workers in developing countries. DAT 158 Low-skilled workers are excluded from the global economy. DAT 159 Developing countries outside Asia have missed the boat on benefitting from globalization. DAT 159 Globalization Increases the Likelihood of Civil War 161 Promoting Underdevelopment, Fj 161 Raising Income Inequality, Fj 161 Reducing State Control of The Economy, Fj 162 Increasing Communication and Information Flows, Fj 162 Promoting Export of Primary Products, Fj 163 Stimulating Alliances Between Rebels and Organized Crime, Fj 163 Generating Unequal Economic Benefits, Fj 163 Pro Counters 165 Pro Counters 165 African Businesses Not Dependent on Aid 166 African Businesses Not Dependent on the Eurozone AMS 166 The problem with how Income inequality Studies Measure Income 167 Income Inequality is Decreasing Overall AMS 167 Studies Fail to Account for Geographic Differences AMS 168 World Income Inequality Stabilized AMS 168 Importance of Seeing the Big Picture AMS 171 China Isn’t Responsible for Global Poverty Reduction 172 While China’s growth accounted for heavy global growth, other regions mirrored it. DAT 172 Looking forward, China will be a nonfactor in global poverty reduction. DAT 173 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Benefits Developing Countries 174 Increased FDI Benefits Developing Countries AMS 174 FDI can step in where local institutions fail. DAT 175 FDI doesn’t increase inequality over the long term. DAT 176 FDI is key to technology globalization (see corresponding Pro Evidence topic). DAT 177 Economic Globalization is Beneficial in the Long Term 178 Indirect Impacts of Financial Globalization AMS 178 Globalization not to blame for Africa’s current economic situation, Fj 179 Dutch Disease Is Not Impactful 180 Dutch Disease rarely happens, Fj 180 Globalization Not to Blame for Poverty 181 Too Many Other Factors to Blame Globalization AMS 181 Domestic institutions bear the blame for globalization’s failures, Fj 182 Not all nations are set up to benefit from globalization. DAT 184 While frequent, increasing poverty is still an exception to the rule. DAT 185 One explanation for Africa’s economic lag: financial outflow. DAT 186 The poverty impact of capital flight in Africa. DAT 186 In many African nations, stagnation is due to misallocated internal resources. DAT 187 Globalization needs to be coupled with sensible domestic policy. DAT 188 Globalization Does Not Promote Economic Inequality 189 There is no empirical causative link between globalization and inequality. DAT 189 A summary of findings on inequality. DAT 189 Trade Liberalization Doesn’t Decrease States’ Revenue 191 Case study: Sub-Saharan African nations make more tax revenue after trade liberalization. DAT 191 Globalization and Environmental Protection 192 Globalization has not led to any environmental opportunism. DAT 192 Con Counters 193 Con Counters 193 Figures Showing Poverty Reduction are Inaccurate 194 Reduction in Poverty can be Only Attributed to China’s Economic Growth AMS 194 Problems with Surveys of Income and Expenditure AMS 195 Problems with Poverty Line Calculation AMS 196 A major factor is how many people, annually, approach the poverty line. DAT 197 Global poverty reduction in the past has been deceptively easy. DAT 197 Case study: village-level studies show no progress on poverty. DAT 200 Economic data on globalization’s effects makes showing causal relationships impossible. DAT 201 Chinese and Indian poverty reductions may not have been fuelled by globalization. DAT 203 Agriculture is better at reducing poverty, Fj 204 Globalization does not reduce inflation 205 Commodity Prices have increased due to globalization, Fj 205 Globalization does not reduce inflation in the long term, Fj 205 Commodities will have increased inflation, Fj 205 Oil prices have increased due to globalization, Fj 206 Studies on globalization are not reliable, Fj 206 Disadvantages of Free Trade 208 The Problems with Free Trade AMS 208 How Free Trade Hurts Developing Countries AMS 209 The primary benefit of free trade is for companies requiring high-skill labor. DAT 210 Free trade treaties can force countries into human rights violations. DAT 211 Implementing free trade responsibly has been thus far voluntary and unsuccessful. DAT 213 Economic benefits of trade are not guaranteed and depend on what is being traded. DAT 214 Global Inequality Is a Deceptive Measurement 215 The world has become more unequal, not less, as globalization has sped up. DAT 215 In Brazil, trade liberalization decreased inequality by lowering skilled wages. DAT 216 Globalization Doesn’t Reduce Poverty 217 Poverty numbers are misleading, Fj 217 Rising Food Prices mean more hungry people, Fj 217 East Asian countries skew the statistics, Fj 217 The number of poor countries is increasing, Fj 218 Globalization has not helped Sub-Saharan countries, Fj 218 Globalization creates more climate change, Fj 218 Methodology flaws in pro-globalization studies. DAT 219 Case study in sub-Saharan Africa: Recent empirical data and justification of findings. DAT 221 The benefits of free trade don’t reach the generally poorest nations (sub-Saharan Africa). DAT 223 Globalization Slows Technological Progress 224 Schumpeter’s Theory AMS 224 Economic Globalization’s Impact on Progress AMS 224 Domestic Resources Can Eradicate Poverty 226 Case study: African nations have internal funding for substantial anti-poverty measures. DAT 226 China’s poverty reduction was not wholly dependent upon globalization, Fj 226 Response to Technological Globalization 228 Technological globalization drives up inequality in developing countries. DAT 228 Foreign Direct Investment Is Not A Guaranteed Success 229 There is still no empirical way to validate the use of FDI. DAT 229 Globalization doesn’t exist in a vacuum; local policies often negate gains. DAT 230 Cases 231 Cases 231 Pro Case 232 Introduction: 232 Contention One: Economic growth leads to poverty reduction. 232 Contention Two: Developing Countries Benefit from Freer Trade. 233 Contention Three: Examples of success in developing countries. 234 Con Case 236 Introduction: 236 Contention One: Globalization reduces equality of income 236 Contention Two: Globalization reduces equality of economic opportunity 237 Contention Three: Without income and opportunity, poverty worsens 237 Directory: webpages webpages -> On the Vanity of Earthly Greatness” “Ozymandious” Arthur Guiterman (1871-1943;1936) Author webpages -> Understanding Diversity What is Diversity? webpages -> Sscg: 16 Unit 7: Judicial Branch webpages -> Passing the Georgia eoct in us history Workbook Glossary webpages -> New Political Ideas and Revolutions webpages -> Theodore Parker (Alex Eiffert) webpages -> Brave New World: Key Terms English 9 ~ Mr. Manser webpages -> Change Over Time – Review Sheet Region: Russia webpages -> European history webpages -> Chapter 2 The Planting of English America, 1500–1733 Download 0.84 Mb. 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