Major Comparisons and Analyses: Foundation Period

Social system-bureacracy (li) five relationships

Teachings(writing)- analects

Dao- duty to family and community

Social system-caste system (reincarnation)

The Vedas

Dharma- Sacred duty

Gurus/mystics and teachers

Brahmins

Vaisyas

Pariahs (outcastes)

Many man valued Buddhist wives b/ they might benefit the family’s salvation

It was appealing to Chinese women b/c it led to a more meaningful life

*Buddhist Nuns Songs

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  Could be nuns
  
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  Role of Mary, mother of Jesus important
  

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  Women had to be humble
  
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  Marriage was based on property relationship, therefore women are subordinate to men
  
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  5 Relationships
  
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  (Husband to Wife)
  
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  Lessons for Women(Ban Zhao)
  

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  Lowly Valued
  
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  Ex: Laws of Manu
  
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  Ramayana
  
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(2)Brahmans-priests

*eventually switched

(3)Vaisyas- traders and farmers

(4)Sudras- commoners and laborers

(5)untouchables-outcastes but not slaves

No intermarriage between classes or moving up of down.

-farmers were thought of as a high class.

-women were looked as lower than men.

-slaves were the lowest class-mentioned in Hammurabi’s code.

-Farmers could go down to slavery if they didn’t pay off their debts.

-women were looked as less than men.

-Rome- Patricians and Plebeians.

-Patricians- higher than Plebeians.

-Elite class called the nobles.

-Slaves were conquered people, not race.

Began with Sumerians

Akkadians invaded (settled)

Babylonians invaded (settled)

Indo-Euros invaded from the north

Assyrians and Persians invaded (empires)

Hitites

Xiongnu- invaded from Gobi, destroyed by Wudi

Traded from china to Europe

established by pastoral nomads

Traded silk and other products they were usually luxurious products

Also many spices were included in these trade routes

They received slaves and gold from rome in these routes

Wine, pottery and metals would also come from this trade route

Monsoons helped with the trade because it provided winds to carry ships

Merchants and upperclassmen would convert to Islam because they would be introduced with the religion over these trade routes and arab empire

Controlled by empires that taxed the trade routes

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  City-states
  
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  Govt. enforced religious duties
  
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  Kings were military leaders in times of wars
  

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  Slaves were lower class
  
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  Many laws concerning men/women and slaves/owners in Hammurabi’s code
  

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  Pharaohs had godlike status
  
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  Pyramids built as tombs for pharaohs
  
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  Had absolute power
  

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  Slaves were lower class
  
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  Pharaohs, priests, nobility, scribes were upper class
  
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  Craftsmen/slaves=middle class
  

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  Strong centralized government
  
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  Planned cities
  

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  Social divisions were not significant
  
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  Dravidians
  
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  Aryans
  
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  Caste system
  

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  Mandate of heaven
  
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  Bureaucracy
  
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  Civil service exams
  
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  State Confucianism
  

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  Sharp divisions between nobles and peasants
  
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  Community and family put in front of individual needs
  
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  Patriarchal society
  
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  Filial piety
  

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  Militaristic
  
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  Had kings and local rulers
  

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  Cults of sacrifice and war
  

(Chavins and Nazca)

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  Militaristic
  
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  Had kings and local rulers
  

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  Cults of war and sacrifice