Moderate reconstruction radical reconstruction

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	MODERATE RECONSTRUCTION	RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION
Advocate	Advocated by Pres. Lincoln Andrew Johnson	Advocated by Radical Republicans (the most powerful political body after Lincoln’s assassination) Charles Sumner Thaddeus Stevens
Basic Tenets	Heal the United States as quickly as possible Provide legal and social recourse for emancipated slaves Reconstruct Southern society and infrastructure	Punish the South for the 5 years of horror Feared that any “moderate” plan would re-enslave blacks
Policy	“Ten Percent Plan” South never legally withdrew from Union (a constitutional impossibility), should be integrated as quickly as possible 10% of Southern voters pledge loyalty oath South recognized full emancipation of slaves Speed up Reconstruction	Wade—Davis Bill Required 50% of Southern voters pledge loyalty oath Enforce legal safeguards to protect slaves Push for passage of 14^th and 15^th Amendments Delay reincorporation of South into the Union

Freedmen
1. The Problem
  1. Emancipated blacks were repeatedly re-enslaved after the departure of the Union army
  2. Planters appealed to local property laws and state constitutions to retain their property rights
  3. Blacks were very, very angry about their treatment and years of bitter enslavement
  4. Blacks were confused about alternatives to slavery
    1. Employment?
    2. Family?
    3. Housing?
    4. Livelihood?
  5. Black Codes—The institution of Jim Crow Laws
    1. Consisted of local laws aimed at preventing blacks their constitutional privileges

The Ku Klux Klan
1. Founded 1866 in Tennessee
2. Self-proclaimed protectors of Americanism
3. Used terrorist tactics to prevent blacks from civil and human rights

The Solution
1. Federal government set up Freedmen’s Bureau
2. Intended to provide freedmen with literacy and job skills
3. Ensure democratic process: the ability to vote, equal access to courts
Constitutional Amendments—“The Civil Rights Amendments”
1. 13^th Amendment—Abolished slavery
2. 14^th Amendment—Ensured civil rights to blacks
  1. All blacks were guaranteed American citizenship
  2. State penalties if citizenship were prevented
  3. Former Confederate prevented from holding ANY political office
  4. Confederate debt re-enforced
3. 15^th Amendment—Guaranteed all blacks the right to vote

Andrew Johnson, ‘the impeachment President”
1. A poor Moderate
  1. Johnson continued Lincoln’s moderate policies
  2. As a southerner, Johnson was torn between his affection and loyalty to the South and his ideology
  3. Considered weak and ineffectual by his opponents, the “radical Republicans”
  4. Was the only Confederate congressman not to leave Congress with the Civil War
  5. Vetoed many Republican bills, particularly ones which conferred civil rights to blacks or struck at black codes.
2. Impeachment
  1. Reason: The Tenure of Office Act
    1. Johnson attempted to remove political appointee from office, Edward Stanton
    2. Since Congress confirmed cabinet positions, it passed a law requiring Senate consent of removal
    3. Johnson removed Stanton, claiming the Constitution, not law, was more important.
    4. Was acquitted, not-guilty, by margin of one vote.
  2. Excuse: Anti-Radical Reconstruction

Directory: ~phippsb -> page26 -> files
files -> Hamilton’s financial plan government revenue should
files -> Developed cotton gin in 1793, reinvigorating the cotton industry
files -> The treaty of versailles

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