Unit 6 Test: Age of Revolutions Name:____________________________________________________
All of the following policies of England's King George III contributed to the outbreak of the American Revolution, EXCEPT ....
his refusal to allow the colonists representation in Parliament
his support for mercantilist economic policies
his refusal to provide sufficient troops to protect the colonists from French and Indian raiders
his use of taxation on the colonists to recover the expense of the Seven Years War
Which of the following was an event which helped cause the first armed encounter between American colonists and British troops at the Battles of Concord and Lexington?
The Battle of Yorktown
The Louisiana Purchase
The enactment of the Intolerable Acts
The signing of the Declaration of Independence
All of the following were actions taken by the Second Continental Congress following the Battles of Concord and Lexington, EXCEPT ....
Issuing the Olive Branch Petition
Forming the Continental Army under the command of George Washington
The drafting of the U.S. Constitution's Bill of Rights
The signing of the Declaration of Independence
What did author Thomas Paine accomplish with his 1776 publication of the pamphlet "Common Sense"?
He convinced the British to abandon their war against the Americans
He convinced many undecided American colonists to support the Revolution over the king
He convinced the French and Spanish to rally international support for the American cause
In 1776, Thomas Jefferson drafted a document which laid out the American colonists' complaints against King George III and explained the actions that they were willing to take to protect their “unalienable rights” to “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” What was this document?
The Articles of Confederation
The United States Constitution
The Declaration of Independence
The Bill of Rights
What was accomplished by the 1783 Treaty of Paris?
The US was formally recognized as an independent nation by the British
The US received "most favored nation" status with regards to British trade
The French government offered the US its protection against the British
The French withdrew their military support of the US in exchange for trading privileges with the British
Why is the American Revolution generally considered to have been a "conservative" movement?
Because it led to radical improvements in the living conditions of the poorest Americans
Because the "Founding Fathers" were in no way inspired by the ideals of the Enlightenment
Because it was motivated by a desire to protect the wealth and privileges of middle and upper class Americans
Because it led to the development of a democratic-republican form of government for the U.S.
French society at the time of the French Revolution was divided into three "estates" or social classes. Who made up each estate?
First Estate = clergy, Second Estate = nobles, Third Estate = everyone else
First Estate = the royal family, Second Estate = land owners, Third Estate = everyone else
First Estate = nobles and clergy, Second Estate = merchants and artisans, Third Estate = peasants
First Estate = those who supported the king, Second Estate = those who were undecided, Third Estate = those who opposed the king
All of the following were examples of France's economic problems before the French Revolution, EXCEPT:
Poor harvests had created a grain shortage, driving up the cost of food
French colonists overseas were refusing to pay taxes in protest of having no representation in the Estates General
France had fought many unsuccessful wars, including the Seven Years War, in recent decades
The king spent lavishly on clothes, parties, and the maintenance of his palace at Versailles
Which of the following statements BEST describes what happened after King Louis XVI attempted to dissolve the Estates General?
The Estates General rallied the people of Paris into open rebellion against the king, forcing the king to use military force to suppress the revolt
The Estates General swore to continue to meet under the Tennis Court Oath, eventually producing a new French constitution called the Rights of Man and Citizen
Representatives from the First and Second Estates refused to obey the king and continued to meet, going on to write a new constitution known as the Articles of Confederation, while representatives of the Third Estate fled in fear of the king's wrath
Admitting defeat, the Estates General dissolved itself but the Paris Commune erupted into violent protest over the king's actions
Which of the following statements became the motto of the French Revolutionary movement?
Liberty, Equality, and Brotherhood
Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness
Give Me Liberty, Or give Me Death!
The Tree of Liberty Must Be Watered From Time To Time With The Blood of Tyrants and Martyrs
What structure did the citizens of Paris attack on July 14, 1789, marking the beginning of the violent phase of the French Revolution?
During the Reign of Terror, a new form of execution became so popular that it was used to kill 40,000 people in Paris alone, including King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette. What was this new means of execution?
Stoning
The guillotine
Drawing and Quartering
Firing Squads
Which of the following rulers was the MOST responsible for the atrocities committed during the Reign of Terror?
Maximilien Robespierre
Napoleon Bonaparte
Louis Napoleon
Francois Touissant L'Ouverture
During the Reign of Terror, the Revolutionary government of France changed street names, reconfigured the calendar, and confiscated land and property; all of these actions were aimed at disempowering ...
the nobility
the Catholic Church
the peasants
the bourgeoisie (middle class)
USE THE FOLLOWING CHART TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 16 THROUGH 18:
During which revolution did these executions occur?
French
Haitian
American
Mexican
Using the pie chart, what percentage of people killed came from the 1st estate?
7%
8%
28%
31%
Which class suffered the most executions?
Working class
Middle Class
Peasants
Nobility
What charismatic general seized control of the French government in a coup d'etat in 1799 and quickly restored France's position as a major world power?
Antoine Lavoisier
Napoleon Bonaparte
Louis Phillipe
Francois Touissant L'Ouverture
Napoleon made all of the following reforms during his reign as French emperor, EXCEPT ...
the removal of Revolution-era price controls on products such as bread
requiring the government to hire based on merit rather than family connections
built many new roads and canals to promote trade and move troops quickly
modernized the French legal system by creating a code of law which applied equally to everyone
How did Napoleon win the support of the peasants?
He allowed them to keep all of the lands which they had seized during the Revolution
He excused all peasants from mandatory military service
He abolished serfdom and slavery
He built many new churches in every major town in France
Which of the following BEST describes Napoleon's "Continental System"?
A trade embargo against England, which Napoleon forced on the other European states
A plan to link every major European city together using the newly invented railroads
The new legal code created by Napoleon to replace the outdated laws of the Revolutionary era
During the French invasion, the Russians took advantage of the enormous size of their nation by practicing a policy of destroying everything which might be of any use to the French as the Russian army retreated deeper and deeper into the countryside. This left Napoleon's troops unable to live off the land and drew them further and further away from their supply lines. What is this type of strategy known as?
sweep and keep policy
shock and awe policy
scorched earth policy
Russian roulette policy
What was the outcome of Napoleon's invasion of Russia?
The French army suffered catastrophic losses during the Russian winter due to freezing cold temperatures and starvation
Napoleon's men refused to fight after seeing how superior the Russian army's firepower was
Napoleon conquered nearly all of Russia and returned triumphantly to Paris with a fortune in looted treasure
Napoleon was forced to quickly abandon his invasion to deal with a rebellion back home in France
After Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo, the leaders of Europe gathered at the Congress of Vienna to decide Europe's future. Which nation did they decide should replace France as the premiere power in Europe?
England
Austria
Prussia
No one; instead, they struck a balance of power between the major states of Europe which they hoped would help prevent future conflicts
How did Napoleon's misfortunes end up helping the young United States?
Napoleon sold the U.S. the Louisiana Territory
Napoleon was unable to defend Puerto Rico from American takeover
The U.S. used an alliance against Napoleon as a way to become friendly with England once again
U.S. merchants made huge war profits from supplying Napoleon's army with weapons
All of the following contributed to the outbreak of the French Revolution of 1848, EXCEPT ...
Increased corruption within the government
An economic recession which led to high inflation and unemployment
A series of bad harvests which resulted in a sharp increase in the price of bread
France's involvement in an extremely unpopular foreign war against Mexico
Which of the following states once produced 40% of the world's sugar before winning its independence as a result of history's only successful slave rebellion?
Mexico
Haiti
Venezuela
Jamaica
Which of the following MOST accurately represents the role of white colonists in Haiti after the end of the Haitian Revolution?
They were allowed to continue to serve in professional trades such as medicine and law
They were banned from owning property and discouraged from living in or even visiting the country
They were killed on sight for "crimes against humanity"
They re-enslaved the black population and resumed control of the government
How did the actions of Napoleon in Europe affect Latin America?
France assumed control of Spain's colonies in the Americas
Napoleon, who had already outlawed religion in France, banned the Catholic Church in Spanish American colonies as well
After France conquered Spain, Spain's colonies in the Americas began to declare independence
Mexican leader Benito Juarez understood that, in order to promote democracy and "equality for all," the state must limit the political influence of the ...
middle and upper classes
military and Church
big businesses and political parties
poor and uneducated
Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin, who each helped liberate numerous colonies from Spanish rule, both dreamed of uniting the various countries that made up ...
Central America
North America
South America
The Caribbean
Why are the Latin American revolutions generally regarded as "failed" revolutions, despite the fact that these nations won their independence?
They did nothing to protect the "natural rights" of their citizens
They failed to make any significant changes in the lives of their poorest citizens